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The following events occurred in August 1943: ==August 1, 1943 (Sunday)== *Operation Tidal Wave: A group of 177 American B-24 Liberator bombers, with 1,726 total crew, departed from Libya to make the first bombing of the oil refineries at Ploieşti, Romania, the major supplier of fuel to Germany. The mission temporarily halted oil production, but 532 airmen and 54 of the planes were lost. After a 40% loss of production, the refineries would be repaired more quickly than projected.〔"Ploieşti Air Raid (1 August 1943)", in ''World War 2 in Europe'', David T. Zabecki, ed. (Taylor & Francis, 1999) pp1627-1628〕 Germany's Radio Reconnaissance Service had intercepted and decrypted the Allied messages about the raid and the departure from Libya, and anti-aircraft defenses were in place despite the low-level approach of the bombers.〔David M. Kennedy, ''The Library of Congress World War II Companion'' (Simon and Schuster, 2007) pp727-728〕 *Japan granted "independence" to Burma, which had been a British colony at the time of its invasion and occupation by the Japanese Army. Ba Maw was installed as the head of state, (designated the ''Adipadi''), although the commander of the Japanese Army forces in Burma, Lieutenant-General Kawabe Masakazu, would continue to oversee Burma's politics, economy, and foreign relations.〔Wolf Mendl, ''Japan and South East Asia: From the Meiji Restoration to 1945'' (Taylor & Francis, 2001) p405〕 *Harlem Riot of 1943: Rioting broke out in Harlem, the mostly African-American section of New York City, after a white NYPD officer, James Collins, shot a black soldier, Private Robert Bandy, in the shoulder during a scuffle.〔"6 Die, 200 Hurt as Riot Flares in Harlem Area", ''Pittsburgh Press'', August 2, 1943, p2〕 When an ambulance took the Bandy to a hospital, a false rumor spread that the soldier had been killed, and a mob began smashing the windows of pawn shops, liquor stores and other white-owned Harlem businesses. The riot was finally suppressed by black and white NYPD officers, state national guardsmen, and military policemen, along with an appeal from Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia for peace and a delivery of food supplies to Harlem residents. When the riot ended, six African-Americans had died, and more than 500 arrested, while 40 officers had been injured.〔"New York City Riot of 1943", in ''Encyclopedia of American Race Riots'', Volume 2, Walter C. Rucker and James N. Upton, eds. (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007) pp476-477〕 *Died: William D. Becker, the Mayor of St. Louis, Missouri, was killed along with nine other people while riding as an honored guest in a new cargo-carrying glider airplane at an airshow at the city's Lambert Field airport. A crowd of 10,000 watched in horror as the wings of the glider buckled as it descended to 2,000 feet, then plummeted to the ground. Killed also were Major William B. Robertson, President of the Robertson Aircraft Corporation, which had built the glider; St. Louis County Judge Executive Henry Mueller; and Thomas Dysart, President of the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce.〔""Glider Crash Fatal to Ten in St. Louis", ''Pittsburgh Press'', August 2, 1943, p1; ("Look Back: St. Louis glider disaster" ), StLToday.com, August 1, 2011〕 *Died: The Blessed Martyrs of Nowogródek, eleven Roman Catholic nuns led by Mother Superior Maria Stella Mardosewicz, were executed by a Nazi firing squad in German-occupied Poland, after volunteering to take the place of local men who had been scheduled for execution. The eleven would be beatified by the Church in 2000.〔"Bd. Maria Stella Mardosewicz and Ten Companions", ''Butler's Lives of the Saints: New Saints And Blesseds'', Paul Burns, ed. (Liturgical Press, 2005) p197〕 *Died: Lydia Litvyak, 21, Soviet fighter ace who shot down at least 11 German airplanes. She is one of two women who were "aces", the other being Yekaterina Budanova, who died on July 19. Litvyak's remains would be found in 1979, and she would be posthumously awarded the medal of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1990.〔Hugh Morgan, ''Soviet Aces of World War 2'' (Osprey Publishing, 1997) p81〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「August 1943」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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